My Super Six Favourite Foods for Healthy Fats

Contrary to popular belief, many of us are not eating enough healthy fats in our diets. We should be aiming to see some fats with each meal that we have. But how can we incorporate them? Here are my super six favourite fats:

1. EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL 

High in monounsaturated fats and rich in antioxidants, olive oil is the keystone to the Mediterranean diet and is rightly lauded as a hero among fats. Research shows that regular consumption of olive oil may be beneficial in our fight against chronic disease. Drizzle on salads or soups, gently roast vegetables in it, or pour onto veggies for flavour.

2. OILY FISH 

Oily fish, such as mackerel, salmon, herring, fresh tuna, sardines, are chock full of omega 3 fatty acids, which have been seen to help fight inflammation, and may be beneficial for brain, eye and skin health.

3. NUTS 

Packed with nutrients like magnesium and vitamin E, nuts bring plenty of essential fats to the table. They make the perfect snack – eat a handful (preferably raw) with a small piece of fruit or spread a little nut butter on an oatcake (peanut butter is just for starters – try almond for a change).

4. SEEDS

Seeds are the starting point for growing plants, so they are extremely nutritious. They are full of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, as well as antioxidants and fibre. Flax, chia and hemp seeds are a good source of omega 3 fatty acids. Sesame, pumpkin and sunflower seeds are all rich in monounsaturated fats. All add crunch, flavour and interest to a meal – sprinkle on salads, soups or roasted veggies, or eat a handful as a snack.

5. AVOCADOS 

You’ve got to love an avocado! They go with practically anything and are high in both vitamin E and in healthy monounsaturated fats. Slice it, mash it, or stick it in a smoothie.

6. COCONUT OIL 

There’s so much to like – where to start? Coconut oil can act as an anti-fungal (caprylic acid), when used either externally or internally. The ideal replacement for butter in baking and as your oil of choice when frying at higher temperatures. Research shows that it may also help with cholesterol balance and blood pressure.

Cooking with fat

How the fat is used (through cooking and processing) is a big deciding factor whether it is healthy or unhealthy. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) may become less healthy in the presence of light, oxygen and heat. That is because frying with oils like olive oil at high temperature leads to oxidation and the production of free radicals – highly inflammatory for the body and may increase the risk of chronic disease. 

Therefore, pick oils for cooking that are more stable at a high heat, saturated fats such as coconut oil or animal fats. Use olive oil only on a low heat for sauteing.

Use these oils for cooking

Coconut oil, avocado oil, butter or ghee (clarified butter), or goose fat 

Use olive oil on low heats for long, slow cooking that won’t allow it to ‘smoke’.

Use these oils for drizzling or dressings

Extra virgin olive oil, walnut oil, sesame seed oil, flax seed oil, hazelnut oil, almond oil, hempseed oil

Don’t use sunflower oil (although do eat the seeds) or vegetable oil at all.

This is an easy recipe and can be made from store-cupboard items, so this is a great meal to have if you’re needing to go shopping. It also makes a regular appearance in our Friday night ‘fakeaways’ that we’ve been having – pairing this alongside a chickpea or prawn bhuna, plus some spiced quinoa and spinach makes a veritable feast. Plus, this is easy to freeze, so I often make a double batch and put some in the freezer for when I’m short on time at a later date. A winner on many levels!

If you’re new to legumes and pulses, red lentils are a good place to start. They’re quick and easy to cook, and they pack a nutritional punch.  Lentils are a great source of B vitamins, iron, magnesium, potassium and zinc. They're also full of fibre, which supports a healthy tum and provides food for our friendly bacteria. Eating lentils regularly has been seen to improve overall gut function. Plus, they’re delicious, and even the fussiest of eaters seems to get on well with their umami flavour.

Ingredients

1 tbsp ghee or 1 tbsp coconut oil

1 large onion, finely chopped

1 carrot, coarsely grated

3 cloves garlic, crushed

2 tsp cumin seeds

2 tsp black mustard seeds

1 level tbsp turmeric

250g split red lentils

350ml water

1 tin whole coconut milk

1 tin chopped tomatoes

2 tsp freshly grated ginger (or frozen grated ginger)

Seasoning

Chopped coriander to garnish (optional)

Serves 6

Method

• In a large, deep pan heat the ghee or coconut oil and then gently sauté the onions until soft and golden
• Add the grated carrot, crushed garlic and the whole spices. Stir and sauté until fragrant, approximately 5 mins on a gentle heat
• Add the turmeric and stir to cover well, allowing to cook through for 1 min
• Add in the lentils and stir to combine with the onion mix. Follow this with the water, coconut milk, chopped tomatoes and ginger. Stir well to combine. Season to taste
• Bring to simmering point and then leave to cook on a gentle heat, uncovered for 30-40 mins until the lentils are soft and cooked. Note – this has a tendency to catch on the bottom, so stir frequently and add a little more water if required
• When cooked test for seasoning. Serve with brown rice or quinoa, with a garnish of chopped coriander
• Enjoy!

The Mediterranean Diet has been lauded as ‘the’ healthy diet, and chances are you may have been recommended it by your doctor or nutritionist if you have a chronic condition like high blood pressure or heart disease. It is a popular dietary suggestion for many chronic health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, depression and even dementia.

The Mediterranean Diet is a way of eating based on traditional eating patterns seen in areas of Crete, Greece and southern Italy which, during the middle of the twentieth century, showed better life expectancy and lower rates of chronic health conditions than other areas with the same levels of healthcare. In 1993, the World Health Organisation, along with some other organisations, brought in the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid to help people recognise the balance of food they might try eating to mimic the traditional diets seen in these areas of longevity. It included plenty of fruits and vegetables, nuts, pulses, legumes and wholegrains, fish and lots of olive oil and other healthy fats, drinking plenty of fresh water, with smaller amounts of dairy, red wine and low red meat. It also proposed that fresh air, socialising and regular movement should be part of the daily plan and way of life as well.

But apart from the association between those areas and their traditional diets and longer living, where is the evidence that the Mediterranean Diet is good for us? How can we be certain that these dietary changes are beneficial to us?

Research shows that the Mediterranean Diet (MD) may be effective in reducing the risk of heart diseases and overall mortality. A women’s health study found that those following the MD had 25% less chance of heart disease over the 12-year study, and surmised that changes in levels of inflammation, blood sugar and obesity levels may have contributed to this.

In terms of aging and cognitive benefits, research shows that a diet high in antioxidants, such as the MD with its emphasis on fruits and vegetables and whole foods, may be protective against age-related diseases. In fact, an American study on Nurses’ Health found that women following the MD were 46% more likely to age healthily.

Finally, research into the MD has helped to dispel the myth that fat is bad for you and that we need to eat a low-fat diet to be healthy. The MD positively encourages consumption of extra virgin olive oil, oily fish and nuts, and other sources of healthy fats. One study that looked at a large group of people with diabetes and other heart disease risk factors found that following the MD with added extra virgin olive oil or nuts reduced the rates of deaths from stroke by almost 30%. Check out my newsletter later this month for information on healthy fats and how to incorporate them into our diets.

Some things to bear in mind, however, when incorporating the MD into our lives. It’s still important to think about the balance of foods and how we put together our plates to ensure that we are getting everything we need – BANT’s Healthy Eating Puzzle is a great place to start here.

Plus, it’s the eating pattern, variety and lifestyle considerations that may support the health benefits of the MD. Just eating extra nuts or more olive oil won’t cut the mustard. We need to think of this as an overhaul of the way we live – food, movement, sleep and stress reduction – and that way we can really reap the rewards.

When I encourage clients to eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, I often ask them to “eat the rainbow". Most people know that they should be trying to eat fruits and vegetables, but why is it so important, what do the colours even mean, and does it truly benefit your health?
 

Put simply, eating the rainbow basically involves eating fruits and vegetables of different colours every day. This means not sticking to the same three or four veg that we usually have.

Plants contain different pigments which give them their individual colour.  Interestingly, these pigments are actually phytonutrients, which can be defined as chemicals produced by plants. However, the term is generally used to describe chemicals from plants that may be beneficial to health, but are not essential nutrients.  

From an evolutionary perspective, the noxious properties of such phytochemicals play an important role in dissuading insects and other pests from eating the plants. However, at the relatively tiny doses ingested by us as we eat the plant, the phytochemicals are not toxic and induce a mild cellular stress response. A stress response to a small toxic stress allows us to produce an anti-inflammatory response and so the body kicks into action.

Each different-coloured plant is linked to different phytonutrients, from which we in turn can derive different health benefits. See the list below which defines which benefits may be derived from which colours.

While increasing the amount of fruit and veg is always a good idea, focusing on eating a variety of colours will increase your intake of different nutrients, and consequently may help to improve your health.

While there are many purported benefits of phytonutrients, it’s difficult to perform scientific trials to prove how effective they are. Therefore, most research into phytonutrients has been based on the intakes at population-level and relative disease risk, therefore eating well and widely is not a replacement for healthcare for specific ailments. However, almost all research has shown benefits from regularly eating colourful fruits and vegetableswith virtually no downsides at all. So pop those veggies on your plate.

By getting a variety of colour in your diet, you’re not only giving your body an array of vitamins and minerals, but different phytochemicals to boot which may benefit your health.

Rainbow Breakfast Smoothie

Following on from the newsletter this week, here’s a great way to incorporate rainbow foods into your day.

Ingredients

1 cup mixed frozen berries – raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, blackcurrants - Red Blue Purple

Couple handfuls of spinach - Green

1 satsuma, peeled - Orange 

1 inch ginger root, peeled and grated - Yellow 

200ml almond milk - White 

1 tbsp ground flaxseed - Tan / Brown

1 tbsp chia seeds - Black

200ml filtered water (and more, if thinner consistency desired

Method

Put all of the ingredients in a high-speed blender and blitz until thick and smooth.

Pour into two glasses and add extra water until it’s the consistency you desire. Serve and enjoy!

"Men are rather reasoning than reasonable animals for the most part governed by the impulse of passion"

- Alexander Hamilton, 1802

It's January. Everywhere you go you'll see images and messages about change. Changes in diets. Changes in exercise patterns. New challenges to try - dry January, Veganuary, walking challenges, drawing challenges. It's a great time of year to start working on these new things - a time to re-assess our lives and see what we'd like to tweak. But how can we make these changes stick? How do we know we're not going to be popping those new watercolour paints into the bottom drawer with last year's hobby?

To begin with we often try to rely on willpower. Willpower can be defined as the ability to delay gratification, resisting short-term temptations in order to meet long-term goals, or what could otherwise be called resolve. Secondly, it can be defined as the capacity to override an unwanted thought, feeling, or impulse, or what could be termed suppression. For example, when you find yourself heading towards that leftover box of Christmas chocolates, you resolve not to eat it so you can have the reward of not gaining weight, and you also suppress the urge to eat them all because they are delicious.

This combination of resolve and urge suppression requires a great deal of self-control. However, research shows us that when we use willpower to resist temptation, this can leave us with less self-control to tackle other challenges. In a recent report, the American Psychological Association stated "A growing body of research shows that resisting repeated temptations takes a mental toll. Some experts liken willpower to a muscle that can get fatigued from overuse". So by resisting eating those chocolates, you may find yourself reaching for a burger later on, rather than the salad that you had planned to have.  In a world where we have so many distractions competing for our attention - social media, one-click shopping, online streaming - the ability to resist tempation may get sapped quite early on.  And additionally, it may have a knock-on effect on our ability to control our emotions, behaviours, or thoughts.

However, this doesn't mean we should give up! What can help us to ensure we keep going with that early morning yoga practice?  Recent research has shown us that building habits may help maintain an activity indefinitely. A habit may be defined as responses that develop over time when people do the same thing in the same context. Habit building can be encouraged by including some or all of the following:

• Creat a behaviour chain or trigger - for example, if I regularly leave my yoga mat next to my bed along with my yoga clothes, when that alarm bell goes at 7am I'm ready to get dressed and get going, without the thought of having to coerce myself into doing it.
• Narrow down your options - this stops willpower being involved too much! And allows you to focus on what you really want to change.
• Make it daily - and mark that time out on your calendar. Consistency is key in laying down new habits. 
• Keep going for 66 days - research shows that's the magic number to make it stick! 
• Start simple - don't try and change everything at once. Rather than throwing everything out on day 1, make a plan to simplify and make small changes each week. If it's a new way of eating you're after, start with your breakfasts - build this habit. Then move on to lunch, and so on. This way it will really stick.

So maybe if you're looking to tweak how you eat, exercise, or live your life, rather than relying on willpower and self-control to keep it going, have a look at how you can build it into a habit. Then it may last a lifetime.

Photo by Drew Beamer on Unsplash

References:

Ainslie G (2020) Willpower Without Effort Behavioural and Brain Sciences 1-81 DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X20000357

American Psychological Association (2021) What You Need to Know About Willpower: The Psychological Science of Self-Control last accessed online 08.01.2021 at https://www.apa.org/topics/willpower

Duckworth AL Milkman KL Laibson D (2018) Beyond Willpower: Strategies for Reducing Failures of Self Control Association for Psychological Sciences 19 (3) 102-129

Neal DT Wood W Drolet A (2013) How Do People Adhere to Goals When Willpower is Low? The Profits (and Pitfalls) of Strong Habits American Psychological Association 104 (6) 959-975