Do you drink too much or not enough? Two common myths about hydration you can now stop believing
How much water should you drink in a day? You could ask anyone in the street, and most people would know that the recommended fluid intake is 1.5 to 2 litres or 6-8 glasses. Indeed, that is what the Eatwell Guide recommends. The NHS, although quoting the Eatwell Guide as well, suggests that we drink “plenty of water”. But how much is “plenty”? Is there, perhaps, an upper limit?
In 2007, a 59-year-old woman nearly died after drinking too much water. Admittedly, very few people manage to drink that much, even if they try. Incidents like this are rare, but it happens occasionally and shows that even water can be detrimental if overconsumed. In this instance, the woman reported having drunk more than half a pint of water every 30 minutes in an attempt to relieve a urinary tract infection.
In reality, many people struggle to drink the recommended 6-8 glasses per day. But who says you have to? In 2002, researcher Heinz Valtin went in search of the source of this often-quoted recommendation. He was unable to find it. There is no scientific evidence for the advice to drink 6-8 glasses per day as far as he could see.
The absence of evidence is not surprising, considering that the water requirement changes from person to person and from day to day. How much you need to drink depends on your gender, age, weight, activity level, climate, altitude and medication … to name but a few. Some people need just 5 glasses of fluids a day; others need considerably more. Despite the difficulty of working out how much any one of us needs to drink, we seem to manage quite well. One paper on the subject concludes that healthy people regulate their daily water balance “with precision”. No mean feat. After all, the parameters for hydration change all the time. Our location, the weather or our activity levels – or all three - may be different today than yesterday, and so is our water need.
It appears, therefore, that there is no need to lose sleep over adequate fluid intake. Apply common sense. If you are thirsty, drink. If you sweat a lot, drink more than you normally would.
That said, thirst can be deceptive, especially in older people. Several parameters, such as blood pressure, blood volume, electrolyte levels and certain hormones, signal the brain and the kidneys when water levels are low. The kidneys will then hold back and excrete less water, while the brain triggers the thirst sensation. This works quite well until later in life. Older adults do not sense thirst as easily as younger people do.
Another indicator for dehydration is the colour of your urine. If it is dark like apple juice, it is time to drink. If your urine is light straw-coloured, your hydration level is about right. If your urine runs clear like water, there is no need to drink more right now.
The advice to drink 6-8 glasses a day is usually closely followed by the reminder that you must not try and hydrate by drinking alcohol or caffeinated drinks. These beverages are said to be diuretic and make you pee more, thus accelerating dehydration. However, a study looking into this found no difference in hydration levels of young men, regardless of whether they consumed caffeinated or non-caffeinated drinks. There are, of course, many reasons to skip on soft drinks - sugar, artificial sweeteners and phosphates come to mind – but dehydration might not be one of them.
Alcohol is a different matter. In small doses, such as half a pint, even beer can be hydrating, provided that the person drinking it is dehydrated to begin with, but more alcohol in slightly better hydrated people does lead to greater urine output.
In summary, no one can tell you how much you need to drink in a day. Perhaps your doctor could, if they took blood and urine samples, but since that is not practical on a daily basis, you’re on your own. Go by how thirsty you are and the colour of your urine.
Of course, you can drink beverages other than water to hydrate: herbal teas, fruit infusions, vegetable juices, kombucha, and tea and coffee all count. Even fruit juices and soft drinks are hydrating but are best avoided for other reasons, just like tea and coffee should be sugar-free. Don't forget that food can be hydrating, too. Fresh fruit and vegetables, such as watermelon and cucumber, contain water, and sometimes quite a lot of it. Soups are another excellent source of fluids. For healthy people it isn’t too difficult to stay hydrated.
How to Beat Summer Stress
Summer gets some fantastic PR. The very word makes you think of lazy days by the pool, relaxed dining on a balmy evening, sunsets and spritzes, carefree drives in a sporty convertible with your hair blowing in the breeze.
Sadly, that’s not the reality for many of us, working away doing all the usual stuff we have to do in the (sometimes) blistering heat. The real truth is that summer burnout is real – and August might be draining you more than you realise. And, if you’re feeling more frazzled than fresh right now, you’re not alone. This time of year is usually anything but restful.
Let’s break this down, and work out what you can do about it…
Whether you’ve been ferrying kids around, juggling holidays with work, playing hostess, managing family dynamics, or just existing in 30-degree heat with zero patience, it’s a lot. Add the emotional rollercoaster of A-level and GCSE results, and you've got the perfect storm of stress, poor sleep, and emotional exhaustion.
This is summer burnout. And yes, it’s a real thing.
Here’s what might be going on behind the scenes:
If you’re waking up tired, snapping at loved ones, craving carbs like mad, or just feeling off, that’s your body waving a little white flag.
Let’s not pretend you’re about to overhaul your diet, book a yoga retreat and start journalling daily. (Lovely idea, but… life.) Instead, let’s look at a few ways to ease the pressure and gently top your tank back up.
You might be thinking of stress as the inevitable result of a big life event like a house move, divorce or bereavement, but even the steady drip of everyday life is enough. Stress can also be caused by your diet, lack of sleep, environmental toxins - and more. Even winning the lottery can cause stress! Then there’s your physical environment - like summer heat…
So here are some of the ways you can start to redress the balance.
You’re probably more dehydrated than you think, especially if the wine’s been flowing. Aim for 2L-3L water a day, plus herbal teas and hydrating foods like cucumbers, melon, berries and leafy greens.
Add a pinch of sea salt or electrolyte drops if you need more support.
Your body loves routine, not to be boring, but because it supports your hormones, energy and mood. Try:
Focus on meals that are rich in:
This combo helps stabilise blood sugar, which means fewer energy dips, mood swings, and snack attacks.
This one really is the gold. The summer calendar can get pretty packed with weddings, parties and other events as people take advantage of the good weather.
You don’t have to say yes to every BBQ, day trip or family drama. Boundaries are health-giving. Permission granted.
There are a multitude of benefits to being outside. For the purposes of dialling down stress and getting better sleep at night, getting outside in the morning is important.
Even a quick walk in the daylight can help reset your circadian rhythm, that’s the daily rhythm your body is programmed to follow: lots of energy in the morning kickstarted by light, then your stress hormones gradually falling away as the day goes on and the sun goes down.
If anxiety or overwhelm is bubbling, magnesium-rich foods can help: think leafy greens, pumpkin seeds, dark chocolate (yes, really), nuts and wholegrains.
Magnesium is a mineral our bodies need a lot of since it is involved in so many roles in the body. Stress and sleep are two of the biggies, so you’ll want to make sure you’re having enough.
You are the expert in being you, so you are best placed to choose where to start. If you’re flagging right now, that’s common but you can do something about it. It’s OK to feel flat after weeks of “summer fun”. It doesn’t mean you’re doing anything wrong, just that your body needs a bit of love.
Now’s a great time to take a breath, check in with what you need, and gently start getting back to what makes you feel good. Not perfect. Just better. And if you’d like some extra support, why not get in touch?
Easy Ideas for Everyday Activity
If you’ve not exercised for a while, or if it’s not really ever been on your agenda, starting movement can be a daunting task. Firstly, if you have any health conditions or physical issues, or you just haven’t moved for a long time, check with your GP or healthcare provider that it’s ok to start a new movement programme.
Once that’s checked off, start slowly. Adding in just one exercise session per week and doing it consistently is much more beneficial than trying to exercise every day and only managing it for a week. Start slowly, build the habit, and then layer on more types of movement.
Additionally, if this is new to you, try out a variety of different activities. You might love the sounds of nature whizzing around on your bike in the countryside, or you may prefer pounding techno in a spin studio. The main thing is to find out what floats your boat.
Here are some simple ideas of how to incorporate movement easily into your day:
Incorporating stretching exercises into your daily routine can help improve flexibility and reduce muscle stiffness caused by prolonged sitting. Check out examples on YouTube or Google a local class.
Taking short breaks to stand up and walk around can help increase blood flow and reduce the negative effects of prolonged sitting on the body. Set an alarm on your phone to remind you to get up and move around, or if you have a smart watch enable the notification.
Incorporating strength training exercises, such as bodyweight exercises or light resistance training, can help counteract the muscle weakness and imbalances that can result from prolonged sitting. Here it might be worth investing in some expertise – online programmes such as with Caroline Girvan or Joe Wicks are available, or see if there are local classes or PTs you can work with.
Practicing yoga or Pilates can help improve posture, strengthen core muscles, and increase flexibility, all of which can help counteract the negative effects of sitting for long periods. There are heaps of online programmes, Yoga with Adriene being one of my faves. Or look online for local teachers and classes.
Incorporating cardiovascular exercise, such as walking, running, cycling, or swimming, into your routine can help improve circulation, increase energy levels, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases associated with prolonged sitting. What did you love as a child? Were you always out on your bike, or a familiar figure at the local pool. Tap into that. It’ll feel hard at first, but you’ll get into the swing of it.
This may sound silly, but simple exercises that can be done at your desk, such as seated leg lifts, shoulder rolls, and desk stretches, can help reduce muscle tension and improve circulation while at work. This can be especially helpful if you really can’t get away.
Start small but be consistent. And before you know it, exercise will be part of your life!
Disclaimer: The information provided by the health and wellness coach is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You should always consult your doctor or other healthcare provider before changing your diet or starting an exercise programme.
Are You Spending Too Much Time Sitting Down?
In today's modern society, sedentary lifestyles have become increasingly common, largely due to the types of jobs we do and the advancements in tech. Many people spend most of their day sitting at a desk, in front of a computer screen, or in a vehicle. But research has shown that prolonged sitting can have detrimental effects on overall health and can contribute to the development of chronic health conditions.
Researchers analysed 13 publications, which included more than one million people, and found that sitting for more than eight hours without any physical activity is associated with a mortality risk comparable to that caused by obesity and smoking.
But how can sitting do this to us?
Physical effects
Sitting for extended periods of time can lead to poor posture, which can result in muscle imbalances, tightness, and pain, particularly in the back, neck, and shoulders. Over time, this can lead to the development of chronic musculoskeletal conditions such as back pain, neck pain, and even spinal disc compression. Plus, sitting for long periods of time can also contribute to the weakening of muscles in the core, hips, and legs, which are essential for maintaining proper posture and supporting the spine. We all feel this – if you’ve been trapped at your desk for an hour long meeting, it can take a few moments for you to unfurl yourself as you stand up. And don’t talk to me about the accompanying noises… So, all in all, not what we were designed to do – and therefore not great for our physical wellbeing.
As well as musculoskeletal issues, prolonged sitting has been linked to an increased risk of developing heart disease. Research has shown that individuals who sit for long periods of time have a higher chance of high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and an increased risk of heart disease overall. This is partly due to the fact that sitting for that long can lead to a decrease in circulation and blood flow, and an increase in inflammation within the body. These factors can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, or the hardening of the arteries, which is a key risk factor for heart disease.
And it’s not just heart disease - an increased risk of developing metabolic conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes has also been connected with sitting around for long periods. It can cause metabolism to slow down, muscle activity is decreased, and blood sugar levels can become elevated. Over time, this can lead to insulin resistance, a key characteristic of type 2 diabetes. Additionally, research shows that people who sit for prolonged periods of time are also more likely to engage in mindless eating habits, consume unhealthy foods, and have an overall higher energy intake, which can contribute to weight gain and obesity.
Mental health effects
It doesn’t end there. While we can understand that lack of movement can have a profound effect on our physical wellbeing, did you know that it can also have negative effects on mental health and overall well-being. Research has shown that people who sit for long periods of time are more likely to experience feelings of anxiety, depression, and stress.
This could be due to a combination of physical factors, such as poor posture and musculoskeletal pain, and psychological factors, such as decreased social interaction and isolation. Additionally, sitting for long periods of time can also lead to decreased cognitive function and memory retention.
The impact of prolonged sitting on overall health is substantial. Negative effects on musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular health, metabolic health, and mental health cannot be ignored. So, it’s important for all of us to be aware of our sitting habits and try to incorporate more movement and physical activity into our daily routines.
How movement can positively impact the negative effects of prolonged sitting
Thankfully the analysis which compared sedentary living to smoking also noted that moderate-intensity physical activity for 60 to 75 minutes a day can mitigate the negative health effects of prolonged sitting.
Here’s how:
Movement helps improve circulation, which can counteract the negative effects of prolonged sitting on heart health and blood pressure.
Sitting for long periods can lead to poor posture and muscle imbalances. Incorporating movement throughout the day can help stretch and strengthen muscles, improving overall posture
Sitting for long periods can contribute to back, neck, and joint pain. Moving regularly can help alleviate stiffness and tension in these areas.
Sitting for extended periods can slow down metabolic rate. Adding movement breaks throughout the day can help increase calorie burn and maintain a healthy metabolism.
Physical activity can have a positive impact on cognitive function and mental well-being. Incorporating movement throughout the day can help improve focus, productivity, and overall mood.
Movement boosts circulation and oxygen flow, promoting vitality and reducing feelings of fatigue associated with prolonged sitting.
Regular movement is essential for maintaining a healthy weight, reducing the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer that can be exacerbated by prolonged sitting.
So, what are you going to add into your day?
Disclaimer: The information provided by the health and wellness coach is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You should always consult your doctor or other healthcare provider before changing your diet or starting an exercise programme.
Good health begins as a thought
Achieving long-term health and energy is a balancing act. Quite simply, what you put into your mind may have as much of an impact as the food and supplements you feed your body.
Many studies have been conducted on the mind-body connection. What we know for sure is that a positive attitude works – when we remember to nurture it.
Wholesome food, avoiding sugar and toxins are obvious tools for great health but how should you deal with the consequences of negative thinking and stress?
Experts rate exercise, sufficient sleep, controlling negative thoughts and building a strong social support as some of the best ways to decrease stress and boost immunity – so paying attention to your feelings and needs is as vital as drinking enough water and avoiding junk food.
Winning ways to promote good mind-body health:
1. EXERCISE
The release of endorphins during exercise promotes a sense of wellbeing, which has the added benefit of boosting your immune system.
During exercise, the lymphatic system – a network of tissues and organs that helps your body to eliminate toxins and waste – is mobilised. Its main role is to transport lymph fluid, which contains infection-fighting white blood cells. Unlike the blood, which is transported by the heart, lymph fluid only moves if you do.
A recent study from a North Carolina university showed that people who exercised for five or more days weekly experienced 43% fewer days of upper respiratory infections.
Walking, running or any other muscle-moving activity also dramatically reduces stress by ‘working off steam’ when you are upset or angry. With the release of endorphins, your body receives a natural mood boost, resulting in reduced stress levels, which in turn puts less pressure on your immune system.
2. GET ENOUGH SLEEP
According to an American Psychological Association study, stress is what keeps more than 40% of adults awake at night.
To aim for the recommended eight hours of sleep per night, avoid caffeine, digital screens and try to turn in at the same time each evening.
3. FOCUS ON SELF-CARE
Make an effort to do something nice for yourself every day. Neglecting your own needs adds unnecessary stress to the system, resulting in increased vulnerability to illness.
Women, in particular, tend to put their own needs last, especially if they’re caring for children and/or elderly parents. If you battle with guilt when you take an hour off to read, go for a manicure or have a coffee with a friend, remind yourself that if your bucket is empty, you’ll have nothing left to give anyone else. Simple, but effective.
4. MINDFULNESS
You cut in half the chances of catching a cold by meditating. A University of Wisconsin study showed that people who practised mindfulness – a type of meditation or mental state achieved by focusing your awareness on the present moment, while accepting feelings, thoughts and bodily sensations – noted 13 fewer illnesses and took 51 fewer sick days.
Researchers concluded that this reduced the physical effects of stress, which is known to weaken the immune system.
5 IT TAKES A VILLAGE…
Building strong social connections has proven psychological and physiological benefits. Whether you are an introvert or extrovert, having a ‘support group’ – no matter how big or small – boosts immunity by creating ‘stress buffers’.
Being able to share stress or concerns with close family or friends provides an opportunity for outside support and advice, which alleviates a sense of being alone in your situation.
“When we get too caught up in the busyness of the world, we lose connection with one another – and ourselves.” – Jack Kornfield, American author and Buddhist mindfulness pioneer.
If stress is something that you feel is affecting your health, why not book in a free call with me to see how we can get you feeling better. Just book in a free call here.
How to regain your sense of calm
Palpitations, a dry mouth, sweating, insomnia are just some of the unmistakable signs of anxiety. Everyone has experienced these symptoms at some point in their life. Who hasn't felt stage fright before a presentation, hyperventilated before an exam or spent a sleepless night before their dental appointment?
Under normal circumstances, you get through the situation in question unscathed, and life goes on. However, it is very different for people who suffer from anxiety disorders. Patients with this condition experience virtually no relief or respite because their anxiety is unrelated to a specific situation or event and is – objectively – unfounded. There is no single challenge to get through and move on. Their anxiety goes on constantly, from one situation to the next, and the next, and the next ...
Although anxiety disorders were common even before the COVID pandemic, the stress of lockdowns and worry about our own health and that of loved ones, our jobs and our financial security has sent numbers surging. A team of researchers at the University of Manchester are currently looking into this. Although the work is still ongoing, they predict that mental health problems will continue to be affected by the pandemic for years to come.
So, where does nutrition come into it? At first glance, it may seem preposterous to say that diet influences how we feel; but think about it: In the cold, hard light of science, feelings are chemistry! Of course, in the first instance, it is our environment, our experiences, and to an extent, our personality that makes us feel the way we feel.
But our feelings of fear, anger, overwhelm or love and confidence trigger the release of hormones in our body, which is where chemistry kicks in. We need the happy hormone serotonin and the pleasure hormone dopamine to feel good, the sleep hormone melatonin to sleep, the stress hormones adrenaline and cortisol for our get-up-and-go and to fight or flee when we’re under threat. Hormones work in unison with each other. Some hormones suppress others; some trigger the release of others. But for these feedback mechanisms to work, for our body to even be able to manufacture the chemicals that we need, we must supply the raw materials they are made of.
Those raw materials are fatty acids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients – nutrients. What’s more, even our friendly gut bacteria contribute to how we feel by extracting more nutrients from our food for us, manufacturing some, such as short-chain fatty acids, from scratch and even providing some ready-made serotonin! So, if you think of feelings that way, what we eat is bound to have a massive impact on how we feel and how we cope with the challenges life throws at us.
Don't get me wrong; I’m not saying that diet will cure an anxiety disorder. However, if we try and fuel our body with poor quality food that does not provide the building blocks of the hormones and catalysts our brain chemistry requires, we’ll have a much harder time overcoming mental health issues.
So, what are these nutrients our body needs, particularly when we are anxious?
Magnesium is often referred to as ‘nature’s tranquiliser’ – which hints at just how crucial this mineral is for supporting balanced mood, relaxation and deep sleep. One reason why magnesium helps us cope with anxiety might be that it plays a role in nerve transmission. The mineral is not even hard to find. There’s some in most foods, particularly in green leafy vegetables – think broccoli, spinach, kale, and watercress – but also in grains, such as brown rice, buckwheat and quinoa, nuts and seeds, or fish and seafood. Despite this, deficiency is common, which may have something to do with our penchant for convenience and junk foods that are just not as nutritious as real food.
A 2019 study found that the amino acid L-theanine might help manage anxiety and support a balanced stress response. L-theanine is found in green tea. It increases the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA, which has calming, anti-anxiety effects. The amino acid also raises dopamine and the creation of alpha waves in the brain. This is because l-theanine can cross the blood-brain barrier, a membrane that protects our brain from unwanted and harmful substances. The high intake of green tea by Buddhist monks may contribute to their famously calm demeanour and intense focus during meditation. If you want to give green tea a try, be sure to choose an organic one to reduce your exposure to pesticides and other toxins, which have been found to disrupt the brain’s stress circuitry.
The authors of a 2020 research review agree that the role of nutrition in the management of mental health disorders is underestimated. They reviewed the existing research into omega-3 fats in connection with anxiety and found that this type of fat is critical for brain health and has been shown to reduce anxiety symptoms. As vegan diets are becoming more popular, it is important to note that omega-3 fats from plant sources, such as flaxseed oil or walnut oil, does not cover our daily requirements, let alone achieve therapeutic levels. The omega-3s these foods contain are inferior to the ones we need: EPA and DHA. Although the body can make those long-chain fatty acids can from plant-source omega-3 (alpha-linoleic acid or ALA), the conversion is sluggish and easily disrupted. Only about 5 per cent get converted. If you are vegan, do not like fish, or are allergic to it, your diet alone will cover your needs. I recommend finding a good-quality supplement with omega-3 from marine sources (i. e., algae), which is the only vegan source of DHA.
When talking about anxiety and nutrition, we must not neglect the role of the microbiota, the friendly bacteria in our gut. The majority of available research studies in 2019 showed that it is beneficial to give our gut bacteria some TLC. Interestingly, “non-probiotic interventions were more effective than the probiotic” ones.
That suggests that just popping a probiotic capsule may not be enough – and that’s no surprise, really. Don't get me wrong; probiotics are beneficial; there is no doubt about that. However, their contents – live bacteria, e. g. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species – are not going to settle in the gut. They are only travelling through, and while doing so, they help create a bacteria-friendly climate and temporarily crowd out undesirable microbes. But really, they are only lending a helping hand to our own, indigenous bacteria. Those are the ones that are at home there, and those are the ones that can protect our gut, feed our brain, improve our mood, and keep us healthy.
You can look after your friendly bacteria by giving them real food, especially fibre-rich plant foods, including vegetables, fruit, nuts, seeds, pulses, whole grains, herbs, and spices. Variety is key here. While probiotics – especially in the form of fermented foods like sauerkraut, kimchi, live yoghurt, kefir and kombucha – are great, prebiotics – fibre – are even better. We still need to learn much more about all the different microbes living in our guts, but what we do know is that the more different species we have, the healthier we are. How do we cultivate a variety of species? By keeping our diets interesting! Different microbes have different preferences. By varying what we eat, we are creating a desirable place for them to live.
To keep everyone happy, it is also essential to avoid what harms the microbiota. Alcohol acts like a weedkiller on your internal garden. Food additives reduce a protective type of antibody called secretory immunoglobulin A (or sIgA, for short), and emulsifiers are particularly damaging for the gut. Sugar promotes yeast overgrowth, which can overwhelm the beneficial bacteria and make it difficult for them to adhere to the gut wall. For more on how to look after your gut microbiota, check out my blog post on the subject.
Of course, although hugely important, diet is not everything. Lifestyle factors, too, play a crucial role in mental health. It will come as no surprise that it is worth reducing stress as much possible if you suffer from anxiety. Interestingly, stress also damages the microbiota and interferes with the conversion of omega-3 fatty acids – among many other things, so just getting on top of stress will do you a whole lot of good.
I know that that is easier said than done, but there is a shedload of information on stress management on the internet, ranging from relaxation techniques, such as meditation or breathing exercises, to self-care and me-time tips. Or you can join this month’s self-care challenge.
So, as you can see, you don’t have to take anxiety attacks lying down. There is a lot that you can do to avoid them or to aid your recovery. And you can always gets in touch to book a free call with me to discuss how nutritional therapy can help you - just click here.
Please get in touch and find out more - I offer a free 30-minute exploratory call.
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